Women’s Studies
Chapter 3: Intersectionality and difference
Race, Class, and Gender
Contents
I. Introduction
II. Contest Over Difference
III. Race and the Birth of Intersectionality
IV. Ethnicity and Intersectionality
V. Conclusion
What is Intersectionality?
Intersectionality is the idea that multiple identities intersect to create a whole that is different from the component identities. These identities that can intersect include gender, race, social class, ethnicity, nationality, sexual orientation, religion, age, mental disability, physical disability, mental illness, and physical illness as well as other forms of identity
Women’s studies began with other unifying themes
Women share the same life stories of oppression
They simply lacked the rich individuality and wide-ranging capacities of men.
Women’s movement, it is now seen merely reverse the evaluation, making it positive.
What is the idea of “Difference”?
“Some differnces are playful; some are poles of world historical system of dominationFeminist theorist, Donna Haraway
Difference is the key to building coalitions across various interest groups.
II. Contests Over Difference
Difference means a point or way in which people or things are not the same.
In 1974 to 1980, the Combahee River Collective pointed the different of sexuality.
The problem by those of different sexualities, races, and the ethnic groups may be said to be superficial in comparison with the oppression of women generally.
II. CONTESTS OVER DIFFERENCE (Continued)
Contests over difference between men and women in United and Western
African had fewer rights in the new world that one advocated and one not advocated
In the West women wanted to be judge when men against to local tradition
The concepts of differences allowed women studies to examine issue of race, class, and gender from an integrated set of perspectives and thus fostered interdisciplinarity’s progress.
III. Race and the Birth of Intersectionality
Race is powerful in politics, economy, and society
In our modern age, geniticnists find only the tiniest difference so-called race.
o Skin color is indicating “race” and inescapable diffrence.
III. Race and the Birth of Intersectionality (Continued)
The awareness of race has become enriched with the use of “Critical theory”
Intersectionality is an idea initially devised by Kimberlé Crenshaw, a professor of law in the U.S. she explain how the intersectionality was born:
Different race conflict
Racial harm and gender harm
When the law does not recognize the interaction of exclusionary positions and identities, it is called Intersectionality.
Intersectionality is at work in everyday life.
A recognision of intersectioality allows for the crafting unique solutions to the variety of intersecting condition.
IV. Ethnicity and Intersectionality
Ethnic: referring to the origin, classification, characteristics, etc., of such groups.
- Many Africans maintain that ethnicity is far more powerful maker among African people.
- In European Balkhans, a mixture among people is difficult to tell on ethnic group from another.
- Ethnic cleansing is the distinct of one racial group.
IV. Ethnicity and Intersectionality (Continued)
The Botswana-born feminist author Bessie Head wrote movingly about ethnicity, race, and gender in her novel Maru (1971)
This novel intersectionality is at work as a mixture of race, ethnicity, and gender determines the outcome of the story and the fate of its characters.
Raping is consider as a “Normal” condition in women’s lives in the Western hemisphere.
Intersectionality has added to the understanding of such atrocities of the ethnicity.
V. Conclusion
Contest over difference
- Different point of views of women’s life
- needs challenged the mainstream scientific principle that there were universal laws and truths.
Race, birth of Intersectionality
- Different race conflict
- Racial harm and gender harm
Ethnicity
- Mixture of people from different ethnic groups
- Ethnic cleansing
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