Questions
1. What scientific disciplines differ from
nonscientific discipline?
2. What is hypothesis? Why is it an important part of the
way scientists think?
3. Why are events that happen only once difficult to
analyze from a scientific point of view.
4. What is the scientific method and what processes
does it involve?
5. How are the second law of thermodynamics and
pollution related?
6. Diagram an atom of oxygen and label it parts.
7. What happens to atoms during a chemical reaction?
8. State the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
9. How do solids, liquids, and gases differ from one
another at the molecular level?
10. List five kinds of energy
11. Are all kinds of energy equal in their capacity to
bring about changes? Why or why not?
Answer
1.
What scientific
disciplines differ from nonscientific discipline?
·
Scientific disciplines deal with natural
phenomenon and are governed by the scientific process of enquiry, evidence and
hypothesis. Eg. Law isn't science because it’s dealing with human constructs.
Philosophy isn't science because it doesn't deal with empirical evidence.
2.
What is
hypothesis? Why is it an important part of the way scientists think?
·
Hypothesis is a
statement that provides a possible answer to a question or an explanation for
an observation that can be tested. The reason that it is important part of the
way scientists think is that if the hypothesis does not account for all the
observed fact in the situation, doubt will be cast on the work and perhaps
eventually on a validity of the scientist’s work. If a hypothesis is not
testable or is not supported by the evidence. If a hypothesis is not testable
or is not supported by the evidence, the explanation will only hearsay and no
more useful than mere speculation.
3.
Why are events
that happen only once difficult to analyze from a scientific point of view?
·
Because the
concept of reproducibility is important to scientific method. It is not easy
for scientists to eliminate unconscious bias; independent investigators must be
able to reproduce the experiment to see if they get the same results. They must
have a complete and accurate written document to work form. Scientists must
publish the method and result of their experiment.
4.
What is the
scientific method and what processes does it involve?
·
Scientific
method is a way of gaining information (fact) about the world by forming
possible solutions to questions, followed by rigorous testing to determine if
the proposed solutions are valid. The processes that it involves are:
observation, questioning and exploring, constructing hypotheses, testing
hypotheses, the development of theories and laws.
5.
How are the
second law of thermodynamics and pollution related?
·
The second law
of thermodynamics and pollution related when the energy is converted from one
form to another, entropy increase. An alternative way to look at the idea of
entropy is to say that entropy is a measure of disorder and the amount of
disorder typically increases when energy conversions take place. When thing
become ordered, the disorder of the surrounding must increase.
7.
What happens to
atoms during a chemical reaction?
·
During a
chemical reaction, atom will change particle.
8.
State the first
and second laws of thermodynamics.
·
The first law of
thermodynamic states that energy can neither be created nor destroy; it can
only be changed from one form into another form or form anther. Some of the
useful energy is. The second law states that when energy is converted from one
form to another, entropy increases.
·
How the solids,
liquids, and gases differ from one another
-
Solids (ice):
molecules have low kinetic energy, molecules are close together, attracting one
another, and vibrate in place-they do not exchange place.
-
Liquid (water):
molecules have moderate kinetic energy, close together, attract to one another,
and able to exchange place.
-
Gas (water
vapor): molecules have high kinetic energy, far apart, have little attraction
to one another, and able to exchange place.
10. List five kinds of energy.
-
Water
-
Electricity
-
Wind
-
Heat
-
Light
11. Are all kinds of energy equal in their capacity to
bring about changes? Why or why not?
·
All kinds of
energy are not equal in their capacity to bring about changes.
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